What are the most common crochet abbreviations?

Common abbreviations include ch (chain), sl st (slip stitch), sc (single crochet), hdc (half double crochet), and dc (double crochet). Patterns may also include inc (increase), dec (decrease), and rep (repeat).

Do I crochet into the front loop or both loops?

Unless a pattern specifies otherwise, crochet into both top loops of the stitch. Working into front loop only (FLO) or back loop only (BLO) creates texture and ribbing.

Why do my edges get narrower?

Edges usually narrow when a stitch is skipped at the start or end of rows. Count stitches each row, and make sure you’re working into the correct last stitch (often easy to miss).

Stitch Glossary

Crochet stitch guide (and abbreviations)

When you can read abbreviations confidently, patterns become a lot less intimidating. Use this guide as a quick reference for common stitches, what they do, and where they show up in real projects.

Common crochet stitches

Chain (ch)

The foundation stitch that creates a starting chain or adds space/height in a pattern. Chains form a series of interlocking loops.

Best for: Foundation rows, turning chains, mesh, buttonholes

Tip: Keep chains relaxed and consistent—tight chains make the first row difficult.

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Slip Stitch (sl st)

A joining stitch with almost no height. Used to connect rounds, move yarn position, and create neat edges.

Best for: Joining rounds, finishing, surface crochet details

Tip: Don’t pull too tight or your edge can pucker.

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Single Crochet (sc)

A compact stitch that creates a dense fabric with clean stitch definition. One of the most common stitches in crochet.

Best for: Amigurumi, edging, sturdy fabrics, dishcloths

Tip: Count stitches each row—missing the last stitch is a common cause of tapered edges.

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Half Double Crochet (hdc)

A medium-height stitch between single and double crochet. It offers more drape than sc with better density than dc.

Best for: Hats, scarves, blankets, textured ribbing (BLO)

Tip: The third loop is great for adding texture—try working into it for a knit-like look.

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Double Crochet (dc)

A taller stitch that works up quickly and creates a more open fabric. A core stitch for many blankets and garments.

Best for: Blankets, shawls, garments, granny squares

Tip: Watch your turning chain—using ch-2 instead of ch-3 can reduce gaps for some patterns.

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How to read crochet patterns

Know your terminology (US vs UK)

Many patterns use US terms, but UK terms are different (for example, UK treble = US double crochet). Always confirm which terminology a pattern uses before you start.

Look for repeats

Pattern repeats are often shown like: *[dc, ch 1] repeat from * across. Mark the repeat visually on your printout or row counter to avoid mistakes.

Count stitch totals

Most rows end with a stitch count. If you’re off by one early, it’s easier to fix right away than several rows later.

Understand turning chains

Turning chains can count as a stitch (often in dc rows) or not count (common in sc). The pattern should specify—follow that rule consistently for straight edges.

How to Crochet: complete beginner guide →

Keep going

Once you're comfortable with these basics, you can explore stitch textures (post stitches, bobbles, clusters) and construction methods (worked flat vs in the round). The best way to learn is by making.